Oracle 最简单的RMAN配置、备份及恢复(1) - 设置RMAN及备份
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发布于 04 Sep 2013 07:14
标签 backup-restore blog oracle rman
Oracle无疑是一个复杂的软件,不过它的基本使用远没有这么复杂。其中RMAN是Oracle的备份软件。其实配置好以后,最简单的备份只需要两句话。
下面就介绍这套配置和备份使用方法。
虽然Oracle的备份选项很多,不过这个备份设置是经过多年生产环境检验的。并且与其他的设定独立性、兼容性都很好。
设置RMAN及备份
准备工作,建备份目录。
#设定ORACLE_SID #Linux/Unix/Mac下 export ORACLE_SID=test02 #Windows下 set ORACLE_SID=test02 mkdir -p /u04/oradata/test02t/rman
启动rman
#启动rman,其中 target是连接的数据库USER和PASSWORD,nocatalog是无rman catalog rman target / nocatalog #也可省略为 rman target /
输入rman命令设置
#检查默认配置 show all; #只用更改三个配置 #指定control file自动备份的目录和命名规则 CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP FORMAT FOR DEVICE TYPE DISK TO '/u04/oradata/test02t/rman/ctl_%F.bak'; #把control file自动备份打开 CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP ON; #指定backup的目录和命名规则 CONFIGURE CHANNEL DEVICE TYPE DISK FORMAT '/u04/oradata/test02t/rman/bk_%d_%U_%T.bkp';
备份数据库
#可以开始备份了 backup as compressed backupset database plus archivelog delete input; #删除多余的备份 delete noprompt obsolete;
完整地执行log如下
[scripts oracle@test03] export ORACLE_SID=test02t [scripts oracle@test03] mkdir -p /u04/oradata/test02t/rman/current [scripts oracle@test03] mkdir -p /u04/oradata/test02t/rman/current [scripts oracle@test03] rman target / Recovery Manager: Release 10.2.0.4.0 - Production on Wed Sep 4 16:26:27 2013 Copyright (c) 1982, 2007, Oracle. All rights reserved. connected to target database: test02t (DBID=2513594778) RMAN> show all; using target database control file instead of recovery catalog RMAN configuration parameters are: CONFIGURE RETENTION POLICY TO REDUNDANCY 1; # default CONFIGURE BACKUP OPTIMIZATION OFF; # default CONFIGURE DEFAULT DEVICE TYPE TO DISK; # default CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP OFF; # default CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP FORMAT FOR DEVICE TYPE DISK TO '%F'; # default CONFIGURE DEVICE TYPE DISK PARALLELISM 1 BACKUP TYPE TO BACKUPSET; # default CONFIGURE DATAFILE BACKUP COPIES FOR DEVICE TYPE DISK TO 1; # default CONFIGURE ARCHIVELOG BACKUP COPIES FOR DEVICE TYPE DISK TO 1; # default CONFIGURE MAXSETSIZE TO UNLIMITED; # default CONFIGURE ENCRYPTION FOR DATABASE OFF; # default CONFIGURE ENCRYPTION ALGORITHM 'AES128'; # default CONFIGURE ARCHIVELOG DELETION POLICY TO NONE; # default CONFIGURE SNAPSHOT CONTROLFILE NAME TO '/u01/oracle/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/dbs/snapcf_test02t.f'; # default RMAN> CONFIGURE CHANNEL DEVICE TYPE DISK FORMAT '/u04/oradata/test02t/rman/bk_%d_%U_%T.bkp'; new RMAN configuration parameters: CONFIGURE CHANNEL DEVICE TYPE DISK FORMAT '/u04/oradata/test02t/rman/bk_%d_%U_%T.bkp'; new RMAN configuration parameters are successfully stored RMAN> user interrupt received RMAN> CONFIGURE CHANNEL DEVICE TYPE DISK FORMAT '/u04/oradata/test02t/rman/bk_%d_%U_%T.bkp'; old RMAN configuration parameters: CONFIGURE CHANNEL DEVICE TYPE DISK FORMAT '/u04/oradata/test02t/rman/bk_%d_%U_%T.bkp'; new RMAN configuration parameters: CONFIGURE CHANNEL DEVICE TYPE DISK FORMAT '/u04/oradata/test02t/rman/bk_%d_%U_%T.bkp'; new RMAN configuration parameters are successfully stored RMAN> CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP ON; new RMAN configuration parameters: CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP ON; new RMAN configuration parameters are successfully stored RMAN> show all; using target database control file instead of recovery catalog RMAN configuration parameters are: CONFIGURE RETENTION POLICY TO REDUNDANCY 1; # default CONFIGURE BACKUP OPTIMIZATION OFF; # default CONFIGURE DEFAULT DEVICE TYPE TO DISK; # default CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP ON; CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP FORMAT FOR DEVICE TYPE DISK TO '/u04/oradata/test02t/rman/ctl_%F.bak'; CONFIGURE DEVICE TYPE DISK PARALLELISM 1 BACKUP TYPE TO BACKUPSET; # default CONFIGURE DATAFILE BACKUP COPIES FOR DEVICE TYPE DISK TO 1; # default CONFIGURE ARCHIVELOG BACKUP COPIES FOR DEVICE TYPE DISK TO 1; # default CONFIGURE CHANNEL DEVICE TYPE DISK FORMAT '/u04/oradata/test02t/rman/bk_%d_%U_%T.bkp'; CONFIGURE MAXSETSIZE TO UNLIMITED; # default CONFIGURE ENCRYPTION FOR DATABASE OFF; # default CONFIGURE ENCRYPTION ALGORITHM 'AES128'; # default CONFIGURE ARCHIVELOG DELETION POLICY TO NONE; # default CONFIGURE SNAPSHOT CONTROLFILE NAME TO '/u01/oracle/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/dbs/snapcf_test02t.f'; # default RMAN> backup as compressed backupset database plus archivelog delete input; Starting backup at 04-SEP-13 current log archived allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1 channel ORA_DISK_1: sid=115 devtype=DISK channel ORA_DISK_1: starting compressed archive log backupset channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying archive log(s) in backup set input archive log thread=1 sequence=11 recid=1 stamp=825194389 input archive log thread=1 sequence=12 recid=2 stamp=825194398 input archive log thread=1 sequence=13 recid=3 stamp=825194410 input archive log thread=1 sequence=14 recid=4 stamp=825194423 input archive log thread=1 sequence=15 recid=5 stamp=825194435 input archive log thread=1 sequence=16 recid=6 stamp=825194462 input archive log thread=1 sequence=17 recid=7 stamp=825194480 input archive log thread=1 sequence=18 recid=8 stamp=825194498 input archive log thread=1 sequence=19 recid=9 stamp=825194591 input archive log thread=1 sequence=20 recid=10 stamp=825195129 input archive log thread=1 sequence=21 recid=11 stamp=825195141 input archive log thread=1 sequence=22 recid=12 stamp=825195163 input archive log thread=1 sequence=23 recid=13 stamp=825195190 input archive log thread=1 sequence=24 recid=14 stamp=825195206 input archive log thread=1 sequence=25 recid=15 stamp=825195283 input archive log thread=1 sequence=26 recid=16 stamp=825195358 input archive log thread=1 sequence=27 recid=17 stamp=825195373 input archive log thread=1 sequence=28 recid=18 stamp=825195457 input archive log thread=1 sequence=29 recid=19 stamp=825195476 input archive log thread=1 sequence=30 recid=20 stamp=825199207 input archive log thread=1 sequence=31 recid=21 stamp=825265912 input archive log thread=1 sequence=32 recid=22 stamp=825266177 channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 04-SEP-13 channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 04-SEP-13 piece handle=/u04/oradata/test02t/rman/bk_test02t_02oj1402_1_1_20130904.bkp tag=TAG20130904T163618 comment=NONE channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:46 channel ORA_DISK_1: deleting archive log(s) archive log filename=/u04/oradata/ipadlbst/arch/1_11_825193754.dbf recid=1 stamp=825194389 archive log filename=/u04/oradata/ipadlbst/arch/1_12_825193754.dbf recid=2 stamp=825194398 archive log filename=/u04/oradata/ipadlbst/arch/1_13_825193754.dbf recid=3 stamp=825194410 archive log filename=/u04/oradata/ipadlbst/arch/1_14_825193754.dbf recid=4 stamp=825194423 archive log filename=/u04/oradata/ipadlbst/arch/1_15_825193754.dbf recid=5 stamp=825194435 archive log filename=/u04/oradata/ipadlbst/arch/1_16_825193754.dbf recid=6 stamp=825194462 archive log filename=/u04/oradata/ipadlbst/arch/1_17_825193754.dbf recid=7 stamp=825194480 archive log filename=/u04/oradata/ipadlbst/arch/1_18_825193754.dbf recid=8 stamp=825194498 archive log filename=/u04/oradata/ipadlbst/arch/1_19_825193754.dbf recid=9 stamp=825194591 archive log filename=/u04/oradata/ipadlbst/arch/1_20_825193754.dbf recid=10 stamp=825195129 archive log filename=/u04/oradata/ipadlbst/arch/1_21_825193754.dbf recid=11 stamp=825195141 archive log filename=/u04/oradata/ipadlbst/arch/1_22_825193754.dbf recid=12 stamp=825195163 archive log filename=/u04/oradata/ipadlbst/arch/1_23_825193754.dbf recid=13 stamp=825195190 archive log filename=/u04/oradata/ipadlbst/arch/1_24_825193754.dbf recid=14 stamp=825195206 archive log filename=/u04/oradata/ipadlbst/arch/1_25_825193754.dbf recid=15 stamp=825195283 archive log filename=/u04/oradata/ipadlbst/arch/1_26_825193754.dbf recid=16 stamp=825195358 archive log filename=/u04/oradata/ipadlbst/arch/1_27_825193754.dbf recid=17 stamp=825195373 archive log filename=/u04/oradata/ipadlbst/arch/1_28_825193754.dbf recid=18 stamp=825195457 archive log filename=/u04/oradata/ipadlbst/arch/1_29_825193754.dbf recid=19 stamp=825195476 archive log filename=/u04/oradata/ipadlbst/arch/1_30_825193754.dbf recid=20 stamp=825199207 archive log filename=/u04/oradata/ipadlbst/arch/1_31_825193754.dbf recid=21 stamp=825265912 archive log filename=/u04/oradata/ipadlbst/arch/1_32_825193754.dbf recid=22 stamp=825266177 Finished backup at 04-SEP-13 Starting backup at 04-SEP-13 using channel ORA_DISK_1 channel ORA_DISK_1: starting compressed full datafile backupset channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backupset input datafile fno=00001 name=/u02/oradata/test02t/system01.dbf input datafile fno=00002 name=/u02/oradata/test02t/undotbs01.dbf input datafile fno=00003 name=/u02/oradata/test02t/sysaux01.dbf input datafile fno=00004 name=/u02/oradata/test02t/users01.dbf channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 04-SEP-13 channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 04-SEP-13 piece handle=/u04/oradata/test02t/rman/bk_test02t_03oj141h_1_1_20130904.bkp tag=TAG20130904T163705 comment=NONE channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:15 Finished backup at 04-SEP-13 Starting backup at 04-SEP-13 current log archived using channel ORA_DISK_1 channel ORA_DISK_1: starting compressed archive log backupset channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying archive log(s) in backup set input archive log thread=1 sequence=33 recid=23 stamp=825266240 channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 04-SEP-13 channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 04-SEP-13 piece handle=/u04/oradata/test02t/rman/bk_test02t_04oj1420_1_1_20130904.bkp tag=TAG20130904T163720 comment=NONE channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:02 channel ORA_DISK_1: deleting archive log(s) archive log filename=/u04/oradata/ipadlbst/arch/1_33_825193754.dbf recid=23 stamp=825266240 Finished backup at 04-SEP-13 Starting Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 04-SEP-13 piece handle=/u04/oradata/test02t/rman/ctl_c-2513594778-20130904-00.bak comment=NONE Finished Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 04-SEP-13 RMAN> delete noprompt obsolete; RMAN retention policy will be applied to the command RMAN retention policy is set to redundancy 1 using channel ORA_DISK_1 Deleting the following obsolete backups and copies: Type Key Completion Time Filename/Handle -------------------- ------ ------------------ -------------------- Backup Set 1 04-SEP-13 Backup Piece 1 04-SEP-13 /u04/oradata/test02t/rman/bk_test02t_02oj1402_1_1_20130904.bkp deleted backup piece backup piece handle=/u04/oradata/test02t/rman/bk_test02t_02oj1402_1_1_20130904.bkp recid=1 stamp=825266179 Deleted 1 objects RMAN> quit;
请注意,如果delete obsolete时不加noprompt,会产生是否删除的提示。
RMAN> delete obsolete; RMAN retention policy will be applied to the command RMAN retention policy is set to redundancy 1 using channel ORA_DISK_1 Deleting the following obsolete backups and copies: Type Key Completion Time Filename/Handle -------------------- ------ ------------------ -------------------- Backup Set 1 04-SEP-13 Backup Piece 1 04-SEP-13 /u04/oradata/test02t/rman/bk_test02t_02oj1402_1_1_20130904.bkp Do you really want to delete the above objects (enter YES or NO)? n
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